Cultural Psychology

Cultural Psychology

Study of psychometric properties of native and brief Elder Abuse Scale in a group of elders in Alborz province

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Shahrbanoo Ghahari 1
Maryam Yekefallah 2
Mehran Zarghami 3
Hamed Kavand 2
Bahram Gheitarani 2
1 Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS)
2 Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch
3 Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
10.30487/jcp.2018.93199
Abstract
This study aimed at designing and studying psychometric properties of native elder abuse scale (short form) in a group of elders in Alborz Province. This was a descriptive-correlational study that was conducted within two steps using combined method including qualitative and quantitative steps. At first step, authors employed psychology and psychiatric literature and phenomenology method to conduct a deep interview with psychologists and elders then extracted measures of mistreatment toward elders. At second step, psychometric properties of questionnaire were examined among elders living in Alborz Province using content validity and internal consistency. Statistical population (N=400; 186 men and 215 women) in quantitative step included elders living in Alborz province who were selected using convenient sampling method in 2017. According to the results obtained from first step of explanatory factor analysis, 23 items out of 41 items remained in questionnaire then evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis based of structural equation modeling (SEM) or multivariate analysis with latent variables. Ultimately, 4 factors of verbal abuse (10 items), emotional abuse (6 items), neglect (4 items), and financial abuse (3 items) were selected for short form of elder abuse scale. Calculated Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.84) and retest coefficient (0.96) approved suitable internal consistency of questionnaire. Findings indicated that elder abuse scale-short form (23-item) made it possible to examine different dimensions of abuses measuring the above-mentioned 4 factors and results obtained from validity and reliability indicated optimal function of this instrument to measure mistreatment toward elders in Iranian society.
Keywords
Elder Abuse
Psychometrics
Validation
Elders
تقوی، م ر. (1380). بررسی روایی و اعتبار پرسش­نامۀ سلامت عمومی (G.H.Q). روان‌شناسی، 5(4)، 381-398.
پاشاشریفی، ح.، و شریفی، ن. (1391). اصول روان­سنجی و روان­آزمایی. تهران: رشد.
شاه­حسینی، ز.، سیمبر، م.، رمضانخانی، ع.، و علوی مجد، ح. (1390). طراحی و روان­سنجی پرسش­نامۀ نیازهای سلامت دختران نوجوان. دانشکدۀ بهداشت و انستیتو تحقیقات بهداشتی، ۹ (۱)، ۱۱-۲۲.
قدوسی، ا.، فلاح یخدانی، الف.، و عابدی، ح. ا.(1392). بررسی مصادیق سالمندآزاری و ارتباط آن با سن و جنس در سالمندان بستری در بیمارستان. علوم پزشکی ، 19 (1و4)، 367- 375.
کیقبادی، ف.، مقدم حسینی، و.، کیقبادی، ف.، و رخشانی ، م. ح. (1393). بررسی شیوع سوء­رفتار و عوامل مرتبط با آن در زنان سالمند. علوم پزشکی مازندران، 24(117)، 125-132.
ملکوتی، ک.، فتح­الهی، پ.، میراب­زاده، ا.، صلواتی، م.، و کهانی، ش. (1385). هنجاریابی مقیاس افسردگی سالمندان (GDS)؛ فرم 15 سؤالی در ایران. پژوهش در پزشکی (مجلۀ پژوهشی دانشکده پزشکی)، 30(4) ،361-368.
هرویکریموی، م .، انوشه، م.، فروغان، م .، شیخی، م ت.، و حاجی­زاده، ا. (1389) .طراحی و روان­سنجی پرسش­نامۀ سوءرفتار نسبت به سالمندان در خانواده. سالمندی ایران، 5(11) ،7-21.
همتی مسلک­پاک، م.، و هاشملو، ل. (1394). طراحی و روان­سنجی پرسش­نامۀ خودمراقبتی سالمندان،  سالمند، 10 (3) ،120-130.
یکه­فلاح، م.، ایمانی، س.، برجی، م.، صدیق­پور، م.، قیطرانی، ب.، خردمند، م.، و قهاری، ش. (1397). مقایسۀ افسردگی و سلامت عمومی در سالمندان عادی و سالمندان قربانی انواع خشونت خانگی شهرستان ساوجبلاغـ سلامت اجتماعی، 5(2)، 132-140.
Acierno R., Hernandez, M. A., Amstadter, A. B., Resnick, H. S., Steve, K., Muzzy, W., et al. (2010).  Prevalence and Correlates of Emotional, Physical, Sexual, and Financial Abuse and Potential Neglect in the United States: The National Elder Mistreatment Study. American Journal of Public Health, 100(2), 292-299.
Beach, S. R., Liu, P. J., DeLiema, M., Iris, M., Howe, M. J. K., & Conrad, K. J. (2017). Development of short-form measures to assess four types of elder mistreatment: Findings from an evidence-based study of APS elder abuse substantiation decisions. Journal of Elder& Abuse Neglect, 29(4), 229–253.
Berkman B. (2006). Handbook of social eork in health and aging. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Chokkanathan, S., & Lee, A. E. Y. (2005). Elder mistreatment in urban India: A community based study. Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect, 17(2), 45–61
Dong, X., Chen, R., Fulmer, T., & Simon, M. A. (2014). Prevalence and correlates of elder mistreatment in a community-dwelling population of U.S. Chinese older adults. Journal of Aging and Health, 26(7), 1209-1224.
Dong, X., Simon, M., Mendes de Leon, C., Fulmer, T., Beck, T., Hebert, L., et al. (2009). Elder self-neglect and abuse and mortality risk in a community-dwelling population. Journal of the American Medical Association, 302, 517–526.
EsmatSaatlou, M., Hossaini, F., & Sakeni, Z. (2015). Assessment of Elder Abuse in adult Day Care center. Journal of Geriatric, 2(1), 91-103.
Fraga, S., Lindert, J., Barros, H., Torres-Gonzalez, F., IoannidiKapolou,E., Melchiorre, M.G, et al. (2014). Elder abuse and socioeconomic inequalities: A multilevel study in 7 European countries. Preventive Medicine. 61, 42-47.
Ghodoosi, A., Fallah Yakhdani, E., & Abedi, H. A. (2014) [Studying the in-stances of elder abuse and their relationship with age and sex in the hospitalized elderly (Persian)]. Scientific Journal of Forensic Medicine, 20 (1), 367-376.
Goldberg, D.P., Gater, R., Satrorius, N., Ustun, T.B. et al. (1997). The validity of two versions of the GHQ in the WHO study of mental illness in general health care. Psychological Medicine, 27(1), 191-197.
Heravy Karimvy, M., Anoshe, M., Forughan, M., Sheykhi, M.T., & Hajizadeh, E. (2010). Design andpsychometric of elder abuse questionnaire in family. IranianAging Journal, 5(15), 7-21.
Keyghobadi, F., Moghaddam Hosseini, V., Keyghobadi, F., & Rakhshani, M. H. (2014). Prevalence of Elder Abuse against women and Associated Factors. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, 24 (117), 125-132, URL: http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-4447-fa.html.
Kissal, A., & Beser, A. (2011). Elder abuse and neglect in a population offering care by a primary health care center in Izmir, Turkey. Social Work in Health Care, 50(2), 158–175
Lang, A. J., & Stein, M. B. (2001) .Anxiety Disorders: How to recognize and treat the medical symptoms of emotional illness. Geriatrics, 56(5), 24-27.
Larijani, B., Khoramshahi, M., KhaliliGorgani, M., Bandarian, F., & Akhoramshahi, S. (2008). Association between depression and diabetes. German Journal of Psychiatry, 7(3), 62-65.
Lenze, E.J., Mulsant, B.H., Mohlman,J., Shear, M.K, Dew, M.A., Schulz, R., et al. (2005). Generalized anxiety,disorder in late life: lifetime course and comorbidity with major depressive disorder. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 13(1), 77-80.
Nooritajer, M., Hosseini, R., & Haidari, S. H. (2011). Factors associated with abuse in the elderly. Middle East Journal of Age and Aging, 8(1), 6-12.
Norton, M.C. (2008). Church attendance and new episodes of major depression in a community study of older adults. The journals of Gerontology, 8(3), 63-68.
O’Brien, J.G.O., & Neill, D. (2011). Prevention of elder abuse. The Lancet, 377 (9782), 2005.
Sadock, B.J., & Sadock, V.A. (2011). Kaplan and Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Schofield, M.J, & Mishra, G.D. (2003). Validity of self-report screening scale for elder abuse: Women’s health Australia. The Gerontologist. 43(1), 110-120.
Sherina, M., Rampal, L., & Mustaqim, A. (2004). The prevalence of depression among the elderly in Sepang, Selangor. Medical Journal of Malaysia, 59(1), 45-49.
Sheykhi, M. (2010). Safety and Security of Older Persons in Tehran, Iran: A SociologicalAppraisal of ElderAbuse. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 71(2), 139-152.
Soares, J.J.F., Barros, H., Torres-Gonzales, F., Ioannidi-Kapolou,E., Lamura, G., Lindert,J., et al. (2010). Abuse and health among elderly in Europe. Kaunas: Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Press.
Steffens, D.C., Skoog, I., Norton, M.C., Hart, A.D., Tschanz, J.T., Plassman, B.L., et al. (2000). Prevalence of depression and its treatment in an elderly population: the Cache County study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57(6), 601- 607.
Taylor, D.K., Bachuwa, G., Evans, J., JacksonJohnson, V., & Michigan, V. (2006). Assessing barriers to the identification of elder. Journal of the National Medical Association, 98(3), 403–404.
Unützer, J., Patrick, D.L., Simon, G., Grembowski, D., Walker, E., Rutter, C., et al. (1997). Depressive symptoms and the cost of health services in HMO patients aged 65 years and older: a 4-year prospective study. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 277(20), 1618-1623.
Yon, Y., Mikton, C., Gassoumis, Z. D., & Wilber, K. H. (2017). Research Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Elder Abuse Prevalence Studies. Canadian Journal on Aging, 36(2), 256-265.
 
 
 
Cultural Psychology
Volume 2, Issue 2
April 2019
Pages 36-23

  • Receive Date 16 September 2019