آشفت گی روان‌شناختی: مقایسة نقش مؤلفه‌های جایگاه اجتماعی و مکانیسم‌های دفاعی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه روان شناسی، موسسه تحقیقات تربیتی، روانشناختی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه خوارزمی

2 استادیار، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده روان شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه یاسوج، تهران، ایران.

3 کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی ، دانشکده روان شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران، ایران.

چکیده

نظریات مختلفی درباره علل آشفتگی روانشناختی وجود دارد. هدف این مطالعه بررسی پیش‌بینی‌های فرضیه هویتِ ناشی از جایگاه اجتماعی و نظریه روان‌پویشی (مدل روانشناسی ایگو) درباره آشفتگی روانشناختی بود. بر این اساس نقش ادراک فرد از بهره‌مندی از نیازهای اقتصادی، ادراک از منزلت اجتماعی وادراک از قدرت اجتماعی و نقش نوع مکانیسم‌های دفاعی (ناپخته، روان رنجور و پخته) در شدت آشفتگی روانشناختی بررسی شد. جامعه پژوهش شهروندان شهر تهران بودند. نمونه پژوهش شامل 152 نفر فرد داوطلب از افراد متعلق به طبقه متوسط بود. ابزارهای پژوهش عبارت بودند از پرسشنامه هویتِ ناشی از جایگاه اجتماعی، مقیاس آشفتگی روانشناختی کسلر و پرسشنامه مکانیسم‌های دفاعی. همه مولفه‌های جایگاه اجتماعی همبستگی منفی با آشفتگی روانشناختی داشتند. نتایج رگرسیون همزمان نشان داد مولفه‌های ادراک از جایگاه اجتماعی و مکانیسم‌های دفاعی 42 درصد از واریانس آشفتگی روانشناختی را پیش‌بینی می‌کند. مکانیسم‌های دفاعی پخته، ناپخته، روان‌رنجور و ادراک قدرت اجتماعی، آشفتگی روانشناختی را پیش‌بینی کردند. براساس یافته‌های این مطالعه می‌توان گفت افرادی که از مکانیسم‌های دفاعی ناسازگارانه استفاده می‌کنند و افرادی که ادارک قدرت اجتماعی کمتری دارند، بیشتر در معرض آشفتگی روانشناختی هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Psychological distress: Comparison the role of social status dimensions with defense mechanisms

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Khanipour 1
  • Kazem Delrouz 2
  • Freshte Zaker 3
1 Psychology group, Institute for Educational, Psychological, and Social Research, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of psychology & Education, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
3 Department of Psychology, Faculty of psychology and education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

There were proposed many theories about the causes of Psychological distress. The purpose of this study was to examine the predictions of the social status identity hypothesis and psychodynamic theory (ego psychology model) about Psychological distress. The role of economic resources, perceived social power, perceived social prestige, and defense mechanisms were examined as predictors of Psychological distress. Population was citizens of Tehran, Iran. The sample selected by the convenient method was 152 people from two of the middle-class district of Tehran. Data gathered by differential social status identity, Kessler psychological distress scale, and defense style questionnaire. All of the social statues dimensions negatively associated with psychological distress. Linear regression analysis (Enter method) showed that variables explained 42% of the variance of psychological distress. Defense mechanism (immature, mature and neurotic) and perceived social power were significantly predicted psychological distress. It could be argued people with maladaptive defense mechanisms and who perceived less social power is more prone to psychological distress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Psychological distress
  • Mental Health
  • Defense Mechanism
  • Social Status
  • Social Power
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